S

Solvents

Quick Reference
Also Known AsOrganic solvent, liquid medium, dissolution medium

What is Solvents?

Substances capable of dissolving other substances to form solutions. Polar solvents (water, alcohols) dissolve ionic and polar compounds; nonpolar solvents (hexane, benzene) dissolve nonpolar compounds. The principle "like dissolves like" guides solvent selection.

Properties & Characteristics

Solvents are substances, typically liquids, capable of dissolving other substances (solutes) to form solutions. Organic solvents include alcohols, ketones, esters, aromatic compounds, and chlorinated compounds. They are characterised by their polarity, boiling point, viscosity, and miscibility with water. The choice of solvent significantly affects reaction rates and equilibria.

Uses & Applications

Solvents are used in chemical synthesis, extraction, cleaning, and formulation industries. Pharmaceutical manufacturing uses a range of solvents controlled by ICH guidelines. Paints, varnishes, and adhesives rely on organic solvents for application and film formation.

Safety Information

Many organic solvents are flammable, toxic (hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic), or carcinogenic. Exposure limits (OELs) are established for workplace solvents. Chlorinated solvents require special handling and disposal as hazardous waste.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Solvents
Synonyms Organic solvent, liquid medium, dissolution medium

Frequently Asked Questions

Substances capable of dissolving other substances to form solutions. Polar solvents (water, alcohols) dissolve ionic and polar compounds; nonpolar solvents (hexane, benzene) dissolve nonpolar compounds. The principle "like dissolves like" guides solvent selection.

More "S" Terms

View all "S" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z