Saponification
| Formula / Notation | Triglyceride + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 RCOO⁻Na⁺ |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Soap making reaction, base hydrolysis of fats, alkaline ester hydrolysis |
What is Saponification?
The hydrolysis of an ester with a strong base to produce an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid. The classic example is the reaction of fats (triglycerides) with sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and fatty acid soaps. The term comes from the Latin for soap-making.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Soap making reaction, base hydrolysis of fats, alkaline ester hydrolysis
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The hydrolysis of an ester with a strong base to produce an alcohol and the salt of a carboxylic acid. The classic example is the reaction of fats (triglycerides) with sodium hydroxide to produce glycerol and fatty acid soaps. The term comes from the Latin for soap-making.
Saponification is the basis of soap manufacture, historically using animal fats or plant oils with sodium or potassium hydroxide. It is used in the analysis of fats and oils to determine saponification number. Biodiesel production involves related transesterification reactions.
Saponification requires concentrated sodium or potassium hydroxide, which is highly corrosive. The exothermic reaction and corrosive alkali require appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves and eye protection.
The formula or notation for Saponification is: Triglyceride + 3NaOH → glycerol + 3 RCOO⁻Na⁺