Sigma Orbital
What is Sigma Orbital?
A sigma (σ) molecular orbital is formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals with constructive overlap along the internuclear axis, producing a bonding orbital with electron density concentrated between the two nuclei. The corresponding antibonding sigma orbital (σ*) has a nodal plane perpendicular to the internuclear axis and higher energy than the constituent atomic orbitals. Sigma orbitals are cylindrically symmetric about the bond axis and are present in all covalent bonds.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A sigma (σ) molecular orbital is formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals with constructive overlap along the internuclear axis, producing a bonding orbital with electron density concentrated between the two nuclei. The corresponding antibonding sigma orbital (σ*) has a nodal plane perpendicular to the internuclear axis and higher energy than the constituent atomic orbitals. Sigma orbitals are cylindrically symmetric about the bond axis and are present in all covalent bonds.