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Standard Enthalpy of Formation

ΔHf°: elements(standard state) → compound; ΔH°rxn = ΣΔHf°(products) - ΣΔHf°(reactants)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationΔHf°: elements(standard state) → compound; ΔH°rxn = ΣΔHf°(products) - ΣΔHf°(reactants)
Also Known AsStandard heat of formation, ΔHf°, molar enthalpy of formation

What is Standard Enthalpy of Formation?

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states at 298 K. Symbol: ΔHf°. Elements in their standard state have ΔHf° = 0 by definition. Used with Hess's law to calculate reaction enthalpies.

Formula & Notation

ΔHf°: elements(standard state) → compound; ΔH°rxn = ΣΔHf°(products) - ΣΔHf°(reactants)

Other Names / Synonyms: Standard heat of formation, ΔHf°, molar enthalpy of formation

Properties & Characteristics

The standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHf°) is the enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states at 25°C and 1 bar. By definition, ΔHf° for any element in its standard state is zero. It is a fundamental thermochemical quantity used in Hess's law calculations. Negative values indicate exothermic formation.

Uses & Applications

Standard enthalpies of formation are used via Hess's law to calculate reaction enthalpies. They are used in thermodynamic tables for engineering and scientific calculations. Formation enthalpies guide the selection of energetically efficient synthesis routes.

Safety Information

Compounds with large negative enthalpies of formation are very stable, while those with large positive values may be unstable or explosive. This data guides safe handling of energetic materials.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Standard Enthalpy of Formation
Formula ΔHf°: elements(standard state) → compound; ΔH°rxn = ΣΔHf°(products) - ΣΔHf°(reactants)
Synonyms Standard heat of formation, ΔHf°, molar enthalpy of formation

Frequently Asked Questions

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states at 298 K. Symbol: ΔHf°. Elements in their standard state have ΔHf° = 0 by definition. Used with Hess's law to calculate reaction enthalpies.

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