Sigma Bonds
What is Sigma Bonds?
A sigma (σ) bond is the strongest type of covalent bond, formed by the direct (head-on) overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis, resulting in electron density concentrated symmetrically along the bond axis. All single bonds between atoms are sigma bonds; double bonds consist of one sigma and one pi bond, while triple bonds have one sigma and two pi bonds. Sigma bonds allow free rotation around the bond axis, which is significant for conformational flexibility in organic molecules.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A sigma (σ) bond is the strongest type of covalent bond, formed by the direct (head-on) overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis, resulting in electron density concentrated symmetrically along the bond axis. All single bonds between atoms are sigma bonds; double bonds consist of one sigma and one pi bond, while triple bonds have one sigma and two pi bonds. Sigma bonds allow free rotation around the bond axis, which is significant for conformational flexibility in organic molecules.