S

Solvation

ΔG_solv = ΔH_solv - TΔS_solv; ion-dipole interactions
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationΔG_solv = ΔH_solv - TΔS_solv; ion-dipole interactions
Also Known AsHydration (in water), solute-solvent interaction, dissolution process

What is Solvation?

The process by which solvent molecules surround and stabilize dissolved solute ions or molecules. In aqueous solutions, solvation is called hydration. The enthalpy of solvation (negative) provides the driving force for dissolving ionic compounds when it exceeds lattice energy.

Formula & Notation

ΔG_solv = ΔH_solv - TΔS_solv; ion-dipole interactions

Other Names / Synonyms: Hydration (in water), solute-solvent interaction, dissolution process

Properties & Characteristics

Solvation is the process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with solute particles (ions or molecules) stabilising them in solution. In water, solvation is specifically called hydration. The solvation process involves ion-dipole or dipole-dipole interactions between solute and solvent. The enthalpy of solvation (solvation energy) drives or opposes dissolution.

Uses & Applications

Solvation is central to dissolving ionic compounds and polar molecules in polar solvents. Pharmaceutical solvation properties affect drug bioavailability and formulation. Understanding solvation guides the design of solvents for industrial extraction processes.

Safety Information

Solvation of reactive ions can accelerate corrosion and chemical reactions. Strong solvation in polar solvents increases the reactivity and bioavailability of dissolved toxic compounds.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Solvation
Formula ΔG_solv = ΔH_solv - TΔS_solv; ion-dipole interactions
Synonyms Hydration (in water), solute-solvent interaction, dissolution process

Frequently Asked Questions

The process by which solvent molecules surround and stabilize dissolved solute ions or molecules. In aqueous solutions, solvation is called hydration. The enthalpy of solvation (negative) provides the driving force for dissolving ionic compounds when it exceeds lattice energy.

More "S" Terms

View all "S" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z