R

Reversible Reaction

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (Haber) | aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD (general)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationN₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (Haber) | aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD (general)
Also Known AsReversible chemical equilibrium, Reversible transformation

What is Reversible Reaction?

A chemical reaction that can proceed in both forward and reverse directions and eventually reaches an equilibrium state. Represented with double arrows (⇌). At equilibrium, both reactions continue at equal rates. Many important industrial reactions are reversible (Haber process, Contact process).

Formula & Notation

N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (Haber) | aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD (general)

Other Names / Synonyms: Reversible chemical equilibrium, Reversible transformation

Properties & Characteristics

Forward and reverse rates become equal at equilibrium — dynamic (not static). Concentrations constant but reactions ongoing. Position of equilibrium described by K (large K: right-shifted; small K: left-shifted). Disturbing factors: concentration change, pressure change (for gases), temperature change (only factor that changes K). Common examples: N₂O₄ ⇌ 2NO₂ (colorless-brown equilibrium), H₂ + I₂ ⇌ 2HI, PCl₃ + Cl₂ ⇌ PCl₅.

Uses & Applications

Industrial process design: Haber process (N₂/H₂ → NH₃), Contact process (SO₂/O₂ → SO₃), steam reforming (CH₄ + H₂O → CO + H₂). Biological systems: hemoglobin O₂ binding, enzyme kinetics. Buffer chemistry. Carbonate equilibria in oceans (carbon cycle). Acid-base reactions. Solubility equilibria (Ksp) in analytical chemistry.

Safety Information

Reversible reactions mean products can re-form reactants — important for safe handling. High-pressure equilibrium systems (Haber, steam reforming) require robust engineering controls for safety. Always consider reverse reaction when stopping industrial processes.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Reversible Reaction
Formula N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (Haber) | aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD (general)
Synonyms Reversible chemical equilibrium, Reversible transformation

Frequently Asked Questions

A chemical reaction that can proceed in both forward and reverse directions and eventually reaches an equilibrium state. Represented with double arrows (⇌). At equilibrium, both reactions continue at equal rates. Many important industrial reactions are reversible (Haber process, Contact process).

More "R" Terms

View all "R" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z