P

pKa

pKa = −log Ka; pKb = −log Kb; pKa + pKb = pKw = 14 (at 25°C)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationpKa = −log Ka; pKb = −log Kb; pKa + pKb = pKw = 14 (at 25°C)
Also Known AsAcid dissociation constant (log form), pKa value, logarithmic Ka, −log Ka

What is pKa?

The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant Ka: pKa = -log(Ka). A lower pKa indicates a stronger acid. The pKa is the pH at which an acid is exactly half-dissociated. It is used extensively in acid-base chemistry, buffer calculations, and drug design.

Formula & Notation

pKa = −log Ka; pKb = −log Kb; pKa + pKb = pKw = 14 (at 25°C)

Other Names / Synonyms: Acid dissociation constant (log form), pKa value, logarithmic Ka, −log Ka

Properties & Characteristics

pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant Ka: pKa = −log Ka. It is used as a convenient measure of acid strength — lower pKa = stronger acid. pKb = −log Kb for base strength. For a conjugate acid-base pair: pKa(acid) + pKb(conjugate base) = pKw = 14 at 25°C. pKa values span a wide range: HClO₄ (~−10) to CH₄ (~50). Buffer pH = pKa when [A⁻] = [HA] (Henderson-Hasselbalch).

Uses & Applications

pKa values are used in: buffer design (choose acid with pKa near the desired buffer pH ± 1), predicting protonation state at physiological pH (important for drug bioavailability — charged vs. neutral form affects membrane permeability), reaction mechanism analysis (rationalising leaving group ability), and in quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for drug development.

Safety Information

pKa does not directly indicate toxicity, but it determines the fraction of a weak acid or base in its ionised vs. neutral form in biological systems. The pH-partition hypothesis: neutral forms cross membranes, but ionised forms are trapped in aqueous compartments. Understanding pKa helps predict distribution of toxic weak acids and bases in the body.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term pKa
Formula pKa = −log Ka; pKb = −log Kb; pKa + pKb = pKw = 14 (at 25°C)
Synonyms Acid dissociation constant (log form), pKa value, logarithmic Ka, −log Ka

Frequently Asked Questions

The negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant Ka: pKa = -log(Ka). A lower pKa indicates a stronger acid. The pKa is the pH at which an acid is exactly half-dissociated. It is used extensively in acid-base chemistry, buffer calculations, and drug design.

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