O

Oxidation

Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationFe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻
Also Known AsElectron loss, Electron oxidation, Corrosion (applied)

What is Oxidation?

A process involving the loss of electrons, increase in oxidation state, or gain of oxygen. In redox reactions, oxidation always accompanies reduction. The species being oxidized is called the reducing agent, as it donates electrons to the oxidizing agent.

Formula & Notation

Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻

Other Names / Synonyms: Electron loss, Electron oxidation, Corrosion (applied)

Properties & Characteristics

Oxidation always paired with reduction (redox reaction). Oxidizing agents (accept electrons): F₂ (E° = +2.87V), O₂, MnO₄⁻, Cr₂O₇²⁻, H₂O₂. Oxidation states: elements = 0; monoatomic ion = charge; O usually −2 (except peroxides −1, OF₂ +2); H usually +1 (except metal hydrides −1). Balancing redox: half-reaction method (acidic: add H₂O, H⁺; basic: add H₂O, OH⁻).

Uses & Applications

Combustion of fuels (C oxidized to CO₂, H oxidized to H₂O). Corrosion of metals (rusting of iron). Electrochemical cells (anode = oxidation). Bleaching (oxidation of chromophores). Antiseptics (hydrogen peroxide oxidizes bacteria). Metabolic respiration (glucose oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O via citric acid cycle). Industrial oxidation of chemicals (ethylene → ethylene oxide).

Safety Information

Strong oxidizing agents (concentrated H₂O₂, KMnO₄, HNO₃, chlorine, fluorine) are highly reactive with organic materials and can cause fires or explosions on contact. Never mix oxidizers with fuels. Store separately in cool areas. Wear PPE — oxidizers cause severe burns and ignite clothing.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Oxidation
Formula Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e⁻
Synonyms Electron loss, Electron oxidation, Corrosion (applied)

Frequently Asked Questions

A process involving the loss of electrons, increase in oxidation state, or gain of oxygen. In redox reactions, oxidation always accompanies reduction. The species being oxidized is called the reducing agent, as it donates electrons to the oxidizing agent.

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