N

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

ΔE = γℏB₀
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationΔE = γℏB₀
Also Known AsNMR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MRI (medical application)

What is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance?

A spectroscopic technique (NMR) based on the absorption of radiofrequency radiation by atomic nuclei in a magnetic field. ¹H NMR is used to determine hydrogen environments in organic molecules. ¹³C NMR provides carbon skeleton information. The basis of MRI medical imaging.

Formula & Notation

ΔE = γℏB₀

Other Names / Synonyms: NMR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MRI (medical application)

Properties & Characteristics

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy exploits the fact that certain nuclei (¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P, ¹⁹F, ¹⁵N) with non-zero nuclear spin (I ≠ 0) precess in a magnetic field at a characteristic Larmor frequency. When irradiated at this frequency, they absorb energy and the resulting resonance signal gives information on chemical environment (chemical shift δ, ppm), connectivity (J-coupling), and molecular dynamics. MRI is an NMR imaging application.

Uses & Applications

NMR spectroscopy is used in: organic structure elucidation (¹H and ¹³C NMR), protein structure determination (multi-dimensional NMR), metabolomics, pharmaceutical quality control (identity and purity), reaction monitoring, and medical imaging (MRI brain and soft tissue imaging using ¹H NMR of water in tissues).

Safety Information

NMR spectrometers use superconducting magnets (1.5-28 T) generating very strong static magnetic fields that attract ferromagnetic objects at high speed (projectile hazard). Cryogens (liquid He and N₂) for magnet cooling present asphyxiation and cryogenic burn risks. Exclude ferromagnetic objects, pacemakers, and implants from the magnet zone.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Formula ΔE = γℏB₀
Synonyms NMR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MRI (medical application)

Frequently Asked Questions

A spectroscopic technique (NMR) based on the absorption of radiofrequency radiation by atomic nuclei in a magnetic field. ¹H NMR is used to determine hydrogen environments in organic molecules. ¹³C NMR provides carbon skeleton information. The basis of MRI medical imaging.

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