AllChemicals — The Online Chemical Glossary | https://allchemicals.info/chemical/601-native-state
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Quick Reference
Also Known As
Free element, native element, elemental state, uncombined element
What is Native State?
The naturally occurring form of a metal element found in nature, uncombined with other elements. Metals found in the native state are typically noble or unreactive, such as gold, silver, platinum, and copper. Most metals occur as ores (compounds) and must be extracted.
Properties & Characteristics
The native state of an element refers to its occurrence in nature in the free, uncombined elemental form, rather than as a compound or ore. Metals that occur in their native state include: gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) — all having positive or near-zero standard reduction potentials. Native carbon occurs as graphite and diamond. Native sulfur occurs around volcanic vents. Most metals occur as oxides, sulfides, or carbonates because they react with air, water, and other chemicals.
Uses & Applications
Native metals are of great historical and economic importance: native gold deposits are mined in placer and hard-rock mining; native copper was the first metal worked by humans. In analytical chemistry, native elemental forms are used as primary calibration standards and as reducing agents.
Safety Information
No unique hazards for native metals as a category. Native mercury (liquid at room temperature) is a significant toxin by inhalation of vapour. Native radioactive elements (uranium, thorium, radium) require radiation protection. Mining of native metals may generate silica dust (silicosis hazard).
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
SynonymsFree element, native element, elemental state, uncombined element
Frequently Asked Questions
The naturally occurring form of a metal element found in nature, uncombined with other elements. Metals found in the native state are typically noble or unreactive, such as gold, silver, platinum, and copper. Most metals occur as ores (compounds) and must be extracted.
Native metals are of great historical and economic importance: native gold deposits are mined in placer and hard-rock mining; native copper was the first metal worked by humans. In analytical chemistry, native elemental forms are used as primary calibration standards and as reducing agents.
No unique hazards for native metals as a category. Native mercury (liquid at room temperature) is a significant toxin by inhalation of vapour. Native radioactive elements (uranium, thorium, radium) require radiation protection. Mining of native metals may generate silica dust (silicosis hazard).
Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature,
CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA,
and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified
professionals before handling chemicals.
