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Native State

Quick Reference
Also Known AsFree element, native element, elemental state, uncombined element

What is Native State?

The naturally occurring form of a metal element found in nature, uncombined with other elements. Metals found in the native state are typically noble or unreactive, such as gold, silver, platinum, and copper. Most metals occur as ores (compounds) and must be extracted.

Properties & Characteristics

The native state of an element refers to its occurrence in nature in the free, uncombined elemental form, rather than as a compound or ore. Metals that occur in their native state include: gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) — all having positive or near-zero standard reduction potentials. Native carbon occurs as graphite and diamond. Native sulfur occurs around volcanic vents. Most metals occur as oxides, sulfides, or carbonates because they react with air, water, and other chemicals.

Uses & Applications

Native metals are of great historical and economic importance: native gold deposits are mined in placer and hard-rock mining; native copper was the first metal worked by humans. In analytical chemistry, native elemental forms are used as primary calibration standards and as reducing agents.

Safety Information

No unique hazards for native metals as a category. Native mercury (liquid at room temperature) is a significant toxin by inhalation of vapour. Native radioactive elements (uranium, thorium, radium) require radiation protection. Mining of native metals may generate silica dust (silicosis hazard).

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Native State
Synonyms Free element, native element, elemental state, uncombined element

Frequently Asked Questions

The naturally occurring form of a metal element found in nature, uncombined with other elements. Metals found in the native state are typically noble or unreactive, such as gold, silver, platinum, and copper. Most metals occur as ores (compounds) and must be extracted.

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