Lanthanides
| Formula / Notation | [Xe]4f^n6s² |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Rare earth elements (partially overlapping), 4f elements, lanthanoid series |
What is Lanthanides?
The series of 14 elements (cerium to lutetium, atomic numbers 58-71) in which the 4f subshell is progressively filled. Also called rare earth elements. Lanthanides have similar chemical properties due to the shielding of the 4f electrons. Used in magnets, catalysts, and phosphors.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Rare earth elements (partially overlapping), 4f elements, lanthanoid series
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The series of 14 elements (cerium to lutetium, atomic numbers 58-71) in which the 4f subshell is progressively filled. Also called rare earth elements. Lanthanides have similar chemical properties due to the shielding of the 4f electrons. Used in magnets, catalysts, and phosphors.
Lanthanides are used in: high-strength permanent magnets (Nd₂Fe₁₄B neodymium magnets), phosphors in LED lighting and flat panel displays (Eu³⁺ red, Tb³⁺ green), MRI contrast agents (Gd³⁺ complexes), lasers (Nd:YAG for surgery, Er:YAG for dentistry), catalytic converters, and in petroleum cracking ca…
Lanthanide compounds have low-to-moderate toxicity. Gadolinium used in MRI contrast agents can cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with severe renal impairment. Cerium compounds are mild irritants. Mining of lanthanide ores generates radioactive thorium waste.
The formula or notation for Lanthanides is: [Xe]4f^n6s²