F

Fuel Cell

H₂ + ½O₂ → H₂O; E°_cell = 1.23 V; ΔG = −nFE
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationH₂ + ½O₂ → H₂O; E°_cell = 1.23 V; ΔG = −nFE
Also Known AsHydrogen fuel cell, electrochemical generator, PEM cell, SOFC

What is Fuel Cell?

An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel (often hydrogen) directly into electricity through an oxidation reaction, without combustion. Fuel cells are more efficient than combustion engines and produce water as the only byproduct when using hydrogen.

Formula & Notation

H₂ + ½O₂ → H₂O; E°_cell = 1.23 V; ΔG = −nFE

Other Names / Synonyms: Hydrogen fuel cell, electrochemical generator, PEM cell, SOFC

Properties & Characteristics

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy of a fuel (typically hydrogen) directly into electrical energy via oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode, without combustion. Unlike batteries, fuel cells operate continuously as long as fuel and oxidant are supplied. The overall reaction H₂ + ½O₂ → H₂O has a theoretical efficiency of ~83% (ΔG/ΔH), far exceeding heat engines (Carnot limitation). Types: PEM, SOFC, PAFC, MCFC, AFC.

Uses & Applications

Fuel cells power: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (Toyota Mirai, Hyundai Nexo), stationary power generation (PEM and SOFC systems for buildings), backup power for data centres and hospitals, submarines (silent operation), and spacecraft (Apollo, Space Shuttle used AFC). They emit only water vapour as exhaust.

Safety Information

Hydrogen fuel is flammable (4-75% in air) and requires high-pressure or cryogenic storage. Leak detection and explosion-proof electrical systems are mandatory. PEM fuel cell membranes use perfluorinated materials that degrade at high temperature, releasing toxic HF. Proper ventilation in enclosed spaces is essential.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Fuel Cell
Formula H₂ + ½O₂ → H₂O; E°_cell = 1.23 V; ΔG = −nFE
Synonyms Hydrogen fuel cell, electrochemical generator, PEM cell, SOFC

Frequently Asked Questions

An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel (often hydrogen) directly into electricity through an oxidation reaction, without combustion. Fuel cells are more efficient than combustion engines and produce water as the only byproduct when using hydrogen.

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