Fractional Distillation
| Formula / Notation | P_A = x_A × P°_A (Raoult); α = P°_A/P°_B (separation factor) |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Column distillation, fractionation, rectification (industrial), reflux distillation |
What is Fractional Distillation?
A distillation technique that separates mixtures of liquids with close boiling points using a fractionating column. The column provides multiple equilibrations between vapor and liquid, effectively concentrating more volatile components at the top. Used in petroleum refining.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Column distillation, fractionation, rectification (industrial), reflux distillation
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A distillation technique that separates mixtures of liquids with close boiling points using a fractionating column. The column provides multiple equilibrations between vapor and liquid, effectively concentrating more volatile components at the top. Used in petroleum refining.
Fractional distillation is the principal separation technique in: petroleum refining (crude oil → gasoline, kerosene, diesel, lubricants, heavy fuel oil), air separation (liquid air → N₂, O₂, Ar), organic synthesis product isolation, and production of absolute (anhydrous) ethanol.
Flammable organic solvent fractional distillation requires: flame-free heat sources, anti-static equipment, adequate ventilation, and continuous supervision. Vacuum fractional distillation of high boiling point materials (bp >150°C at 1 atm) reduces fire risk but introduces implosion hazard from vac…
The formula or notation for Fractional Distillation is: P_A = x_A × P°_A (Raoult); α = P°_A/P°_B (separation factor)