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Formula Mass

Formula mass = sum(atomic masses × subscripts) in chemical formula
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationFormula mass = sum(atomic masses × subscripts) in chemical formula
Also Known AsFormula weight, molar mass, molecular weight (for molecular compounds), relative formula mass

What is Formula Mass?

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a chemical formula. For ionic compounds, it is called the formula mass rather than molecular mass. For example, the formula mass of NaCl is 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol. Used in stoichiometric calculations.

Formula & Notation

Formula mass = sum(atomic masses × subscripts) in chemical formula

Other Names / Synonyms: Formula weight, molar mass, molecular weight (for molecular compounds), relative formula mass

Properties & Characteristics

Formula mass (formula weight) is the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the chemical formula of a substance, expressed in atomic mass units (amu or u) or equivalently in g/mol (molar mass). For molecular compounds, the formula mass equals the molecular weight. For ionic compounds, the formula mass is the formula unit mass (since no discrete molecules exist). For empirical formulas, it is the empirical formula mass. Formula mass is calculated from IUPAC atomic masses.

Uses & Applications

Formula mass calculations are the basis of all stoichiometric calculations: converting between moles and grams (n = m/M), preparing solutions of known molarity (M = n/V), and determining empirical vs. molecular formula relationships.

Safety Information

No direct safety concern. Errors in formula mass calculation lead to wrong amounts of reagents and potentially hazardous experimental conditions (too much reactive chemical, wrong concentration of dangerous solution).

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Formula Mass
Formula Formula mass = sum(atomic masses × subscripts) in chemical formula
Synonyms Formula weight, molar mass, molecular weight (for molecular compounds), relative formula mass

Frequently Asked Questions

The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a chemical formula. For ionic compounds, it is called the formula mass rather than molecular mass. For example, the formula mass of NaCl is 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol. Used in stoichiometric calculations.

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