F

Fluoride

F⁻; HF Ka = 6.8×10⁻⁴; fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationF⁻; HF Ka = 6.8×10⁻⁴; fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Also Known AsF⁻, fluoride ion, hydrofluoride (HF), fluoride salt

What is Fluoride?

A compound containing the fluoride ion (F⁻) or fluorine bonded to another element. Fluorides occur naturally in minerals like fluorite (CaF₂). Sodium fluoride is added to drinking water to prevent tooth decay. Hydrofluoric acid is highly corrosive and toxic.

Formula & Notation

F⁻; HF Ka = 6.8×10⁻⁴; fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F

Other Names / Synonyms: F⁻, fluoride ion, hydrofluoride (HF), fluoride salt

Properties & Characteristics

Fluoride refers to compounds containing the fluoride ion (F⁻) or the element fluorine in its most reduced form. Fluoride is the anion of hydrofluoric acid. Sodium fluoride (NaF), calcium fluoride (CaF₂, fluorite), and fluorapatite [Ca₅(PO₄)₃F] are natural minerals. Fluoride ions inhibit dental decay by converting hydroxyapatite to more acid-resistant fluorapatite. HF is a weak acid despite fluorine's high electronegativity.

Uses & Applications

Fluoride is added to drinking water and toothpaste (0.1% NaF or SnF₂) for dental caries prevention. Industrial uses include HF in semiconductor etching, uranium enrichment (UF₆), PTFE and fluorocarbon production, and as a flux in metal casting (CaF₂). Sodium fluoroacetate is a rodenticide.

Safety Information

Hydrofluoric acid is uniquely hazardous: it penetrates skin and deeply damages tissue, causing hypocalcaemia (Ca²⁺ sequestration by F⁻). Calcium gluconate gel is the first-aid antidote. HF must be handled with specific acid-resistant gloves (neoprene/butyl rubber). Fluoride in drinking water above 1.5 mg/L causes dental and skeletal fluorosis.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Fluoride
Formula F⁻; HF Ka = 6.8×10⁻⁴; fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
Synonyms F⁻, fluoride ion, hydrofluoride (HF), fluoride salt

Frequently Asked Questions

A compound containing the fluoride ion (F⁻) or fluorine bonded to another element. Fluorides occur naturally in minerals like fluorite (CaF₂). Sodium fluoride is added to drinking water to prevent tooth decay. Hydrofluoric acid is highly corrosive and toxic.

More "F" Terms

View all "F" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z