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Fluids

Fluids (liquid+gas): τ = η(dv/dy); Navier-Stokes equations
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationFluids (liquid+gas): τ = η(dv/dy); Navier-Stokes equations
Also Known AsFluid substance, liquid or gas, Newtonian fluid, non-Newtonian fluid

What is Fluids?

Substances that flow and take the shape of their containers, including both liquids and gases. Fluids exert pressure in all directions and transmit forces through pressure. Fluid mechanics studies the behavior of fluids at rest (statics) and in motion (dynamics).

Formula & Notation

Fluids (liquid+gas): τ = η(dv/dy); Navier-Stokes equations

Other Names / Synonyms: Fluid substance, liquid or gas, Newtonian fluid, non-Newtonian fluid

Properties & Characteristics

A fluid is a substance that flows and takes the shape of its container under applied shear stress. Fluids include both liquids and gases. Ideal (Newtonian) fluids obey Newton's law of viscosity: shear stress τ = η × (shear rate). Non-Newtonian fluids (polymer solutions, blood, toothpaste) have shear rate-dependent viscosity. Fluids transmit pressure in all directions (Pascal's law) and exhibit buoyancy (Archimedes' principle).

Uses & Applications

Understanding fluid behaviour is essential in chemical engineering (pipe flow, reactor mixing, distillation), pharmaceutical manufacturing (filling of liquid dosage forms), geology (magma flow), biology (blood circulation), and environmental science (river and ocean dynamics).

Safety Information

Fluid flow in pipes and reactors can generate static electricity (electrostatic ignition hazard with flammable fluids). High-pressure fluid jets can cause hydraulic injection injuries. Sudden fluid pressure surges (water hammer) can rupture pipework and are an industrial hazard.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Fluids
Formula Fluids (liquid+gas): τ = η(dv/dy); Navier-Stokes equations
Synonyms Fluid substance, liquid or gas, Newtonian fluid, non-Newtonian fluid

Frequently Asked Questions

Substances that flow and take the shape of their containers, including both liquids and gases. Fluids exert pressure in all directions and transmit forces through pressure. Fluid mechanics studies the behavior of fluids at rest (statics) and in motion (dynamics).

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