E

Exergonic

ΔG < 0; spontaneous; ΔG = ΔH − TΔS < 0
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationΔG < 0; spontaneous; ΔG = ΔH − TΔS < 0
Also Known AsSpontaneous reaction (ΔG < 0), exergonic process, free energy releasing reaction

What is Exergonic?

A process or reaction that releases free energy (negative ΔG). Exergonic reactions are thermodynamically spontaneous and can do work on the surroundings. Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that releases energy stored in glucose.

Formula & Notation

ΔG < 0; spontaneous; ΔG = ΔH − TΔS < 0

Other Names / Synonyms: Spontaneous reaction (ΔG < 0), exergonic process, free energy releasing reaction

Properties & Characteristics

An exergonic reaction is one that releases free energy (ΔG < 0) and proceeds spontaneously under the given conditions. In biochemistry, exergonic reactions (e.g., ATP hydrolysis: ΔG° = −30.5 kJ/mol) drive non-spontaneous (endergonic) reactions when coupled. Exergonic differs from exothermic: an exergonic reaction has negative ΔG (considering both enthalpy and entropy), while an exothermic reaction has negative ΔH only.

Uses & Applications

Exergonic coupling is the fundamental mechanism driving biosynthesis: ATP hydrolysis powers muscle contraction, active transport, and synthetic reactions that are endergonic on their own. Understanding exergonic vs. endergonic reactions underpins biochemical energetics and metabolism.

Safety Information

Highly exergonic reactions (especially those that are also strongly exothermic) can release energy rapidly and cause runaway conditions. The thermodynamic spontaneity (negative ΔG) indicates a reaction will eventually proceed but gives no information about rate — kinetic barriers may slow it to safe speeds.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Exergonic
Formula ΔG < 0; spontaneous; ΔG = ΔH − TΔS < 0
Synonyms Spontaneous reaction (ΔG < 0), exergonic process, free energy releasing reaction

Frequently Asked Questions

A process or reaction that releases free energy (negative ΔG). Exergonic reactions are thermodynamically spontaneous and can do work on the surroundings. Cellular respiration is an exergonic process that releases energy stored in glucose.

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