Efflorescence
| Formula / Notation | Hydrated salt losing water in air: M·nH₂O(s) → M·(n-x)H₂O(s) + xH₂O(g) |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Water loss from hydrate, efflorescing salt, dehydration of hydrate |
What is Efflorescence?
The process by which a hydrated salt loses its water of crystallization to the atmosphere, resulting in a powdery surface coating. Washing soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O) effloresces in dry air to form anhydrous sodium carbonate. Opposite of deliquescence.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Water loss from hydrate, efflorescing salt, dehydration of hydrate
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The process by which a hydrated salt loses its water of crystallization to the atmosphere, resulting in a powdery surface coating. Washing soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O) effloresces in dry air to form anhydrous sodium carbonate. Opposite of deliquescence.
Efflorescence is relevant in preserving hydrated chemicals (store in sealed containers or at appropriate humidity), in understanding cement and concrete weathering (calcium silicate hydrates), in art conservation (salt damage in ancient buildings and frescoes), and in pharmaceutical tablet stability…
Effloresced powders may be more reactive or have different handling properties than the original hydrate. Sudden loss of water of crystallisation can change the mass of a weighed sample, leading to errors in quantitative analysis. Store hygroscopic and efflorescent materials appropriately sealed.
The formula or notation for Efflorescence is: Hydrated salt losing water in air: M·nH₂O(s) → M·(n-x)H₂O(s) + xH₂O(g)