Extraction — Definition, Formula, Properties & Uses | AllChemicals | AllChemicals

Q: What is the formula for Extraction?

The formula or notation for Extraction is: K_D = [A]_org/[A]_aq (partition coefficient); multiple extractions > 1 large

Formula / Notation	K_D = [A]_org/[A]_aq (partition coefficient); multiple extractions > 1 large
Also Known As	Solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), partitioning

What is Extraction?

A separation technique that selectively removes a solute from one phase into another based on solubility differences. Liquid-liquid extraction (solvent extraction) uses immiscible solvents. The distribution coefficient determines how much solute transfers to each phase.

Formula & Notation

K_D = [A]_org/[A]_aq (partition coefficient); multiple extractions > 1 large

Other Names / Synonyms: Solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), partitioning

Properties & Characteristics

Extraction (chemical extraction) is the separation of one substance from a mixture based on differential solubility in two immiscible phases (liquid-liquid extraction), adsorption onto a solid phase (solid-phase extraction, SPE), or solubility in a supercritical fluid (SFE). In liquid-liquid extraction, the distribution coefficient K_D quantifies the ratio of solute concentrations in the two phases. Multiple extractions are more efficient than one large-volume extraction.

Uses & Applications

Extraction is used to: purify organic products from reaction mixtures (separating from inorganic salts and water), analyse trace contaminants in environmental samples (SPE cartridges), extract natural products from plant material (steam distillation, Soxhlet), and decaffeinate coffee (supercritical CO₂).

Safety Information

Liquid-liquid extraction with flammable or toxic organic solvents (dichloromethane, diethyl ether, hexane) requires fume hood use and ignition source exclusion. Separating funnel pressure buildup from vapour must be vented regularly. Ether forms explosive peroxides on standing — test before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Extraction

Formula K_D = [A]_org/[A]_aq (partition coefficient); multiple extractions > 1 large

Index All "E" terms

Synonyms Solvent extraction, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), partitioning

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Extraction?

A separation technique that selectively removes a solute from one phase into another based on solubility differences. Liquid-liquid extraction (solvent extraction) uses immiscible solvents. The distribution coefficient determines how much solute transfers to each phase.

What is Extraction used for?

Is Extraction hazardous?

What is the formula for Extraction?

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