Enthalpy of Solution
| Formula / Notation | ΔH_sol = ΔH_lattice + ΔH_hydration; can be + or − |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Heat of solution, integral enthalpy of solution, ΔH_sol, molar enthalpy of dissolution |
What is Enthalpy of Solution?
The heat change when one mole of a solute dissolves in a large excess of solvent at constant pressure and temperature. It combines the lattice enthalpy of the solute and the hydration enthalpy of the ions. Can be positive or negative depending on the substance.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Heat of solution, integral enthalpy of solution, ΔH_sol, molar enthalpy of dissolution
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The heat change when one mole of a solute dissolves in a large excess of solvent at constant pressure and temperature. It combines the lattice enthalpy of the solute and the hydration enthalpy of the ions. Can be positive or negative depending on the substance.
Enthalpies of solution are used in designing instant hot packs (exothermic dissolution: CaCl₂) and cold packs (endothermic: NH₄NO₃), in determining thermodynamic properties of electrolyte solutions, and in pharmaceutical solubility studies.
Dissolving highly exothermic solutes (CaO, concentrated H₂SO₄, NaOH) in water generates intense heat. Always add solute to solvent (never solvent to solid) gradually with stirring. Use ice baths for highly exothermic dissolutions. Wear face shield and acid-resistant gloves.
The formula or notation for Enthalpy of Solution is: ΔH_sol = ΔH_lattice + ΔH_hydration; can be + or −