Electronegativity
| Formula / Notation | Pauling scale: χ; F = 3.98; O = 3.44; N = 3.04; C = 2.55; H = 2.20 |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | EN, Pauling electronegativity, electron attraction, χ (chi) |
What is Electronegativity?
A measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons toward itself in a covalent bond. The Pauling scale is most commonly used. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity (4.0). Electronegativity increases across periods and decreases down groups in the periodic table.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: EN, Pauling electronegativity, electron attraction, χ (chi)
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons toward itself in a covalent bond. The Pauling scale is most commonly used. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity (4.0). Electronegativity increases across periods and decreases down groups in the periodic table.
Electronegativity values predict bond polarity, partial charges, dipole moments, and the type of bonding (ionic vs. covalent). They are used in rationalising reaction mechanisms (nucleophilicity, electrophilicity), acid strength, and oxidation state assignments.
High EN differences indicate strong polar bonds or ionic character; dissolution of ionic compounds in water can produce corrosive or toxic ion concentrations. Fluorine (highest EN) forms explosively reactive compounds with most elements.
The formula or notation for Electronegativity is: Pauling scale: χ; F = 3.98; O = 3.44; N = 3.04; C = 2.55; H = 2.20