Electron Affinity
| Formula / Notation | EA = E(X) − E(X⁻); usually negative (exothermic for most nonmetals) |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Electron attachment energy, EA, electron gain enthalpy |
What is Electron Affinity?
The energy change when a neutral gaseous atom gains an electron to form a negative ion. Elements with high electron affinity (like halogens) readily accept electrons. Generally increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Electron attachment energy, EA, electron gain enthalpy
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The energy change when a neutral gaseous atom gains an electron to form a negative ion. Elements with high electron affinity (like halogens) readily accept electrons. Generally increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.
Electron affinity values are used in Born-Haber cycle calculations to determine lattice energies, in assessing the oxidising power of elements, in explaining the stability of anions, and in predicting the reactivity of nonmetals toward electron-rich reagents.
No direct safety concern for the concept. Elements with strongly negative EA (F₂, Cl₂) are powerful oxidisers and require appropriate containment and PPE. The high EA of halogens explains their extreme reactivity.
The formula or notation for Electron Affinity is: EA = E(X) − E(X⁻); usually negative (exothermic for most nonmetals)