J

Joule

1 J = 1 kg·m²/s² = 1 N·m = 1 W·s; SI unit of energy
Quick Reference
Formula / Notation1 J = 1 kg·m²/s² = 1 N·m = 1 W·s; SI unit of energy
Also Known AsJ, joule (SI energy unit), newton-metre, watt-second

What is Joule?

The SI unit of energy, work, and heat, symbol J. One joule equals the work done by a force of one newton over a displacement of one metre. In thermochemistry, energy changes are typically expressed in joules or kilojoules (kJ). Named after physicist James Prescott Joule.

Formula & Notation

1 J = 1 kg·m²/s² = 1 N·m = 1 W·s; SI unit of energy

Other Names / Synonyms: J, joule (SI energy unit), newton-metre, watt-second

Properties & Characteristics

The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy, work, and heat. It is defined as the energy transferred when a force of 1 newton acts through 1 metre (1 J = 1 N·m = 1 kg·m²/s²). In chemistry: 1 J = 1 W·s; 1 kJ = 1000 J; 1 cal = 4.184 J; 1 eV = 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ J. Bond energies are expressed in kJ/mol; enthalpies in kJ/mol; photon energies in eV or joules.

Uses & Applications

Joules are used in all thermochemical calculations (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS), in expressing activation energies (Ea in kJ/mol via Arrhenius equation), in calorimetry (specific heat = J/g·K), in expressing photon energies (E = hν, in joules), and in battery energy storage (Wh = 3600 J).

Safety Information

No direct safety concern for the unit. Large energy releases in kilojoules per gram (explosives release 5-10 kJ/g, compared to 45 kJ/g for TNT-equivalent energy density) help quantify explosive hazard. Accurate joule-based thermodynamic data is essential for safe chemical process design.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Joule
Formula 1 J = 1 kg·m²/s² = 1 N·m = 1 W·s; SI unit of energy
Synonyms J, joule (SI energy unit), newton-metre, watt-second

Frequently Asked Questions

The SI unit of energy, work, and heat, symbol J. One joule equals the work done by a force of one newton over a displacement of one metre. In thermochemistry, energy changes are typically expressed in joules or kilojoules (kJ). Named after physicist James Prescott Joule.

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