Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
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Why do copper products change color, and what is the name of the process?
Probably, every person wants to know, why over time the copper turns green and becomes bloomed. This is easy to explain: that film is called patina.
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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What's In Your Beverage? How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support
Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Use of diamonds
Diamond is a crystalline modification of pure carbon formed in the deep interior of the Earth, in the upper mantle at depths of more than 80-100 kilometers, at exceptionally high pressure and temperature. It is the most precious stone, the hardest and most wear-resistant mineral, the most...
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Amine
Derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic groups.
Control Rods
Rods of materials such as cadmium or boron steel that act as neutron obsorbers (not merely moderaters) used in nuclear reactors to control neutron fluxes and therfore rates of fission.
Activity Series
A listing of metals (and hydrogen) in order of decreasing activity.
Complex Ions
Ions resulting from the formation of coordinate covalent bonds between simple ions and other ions or molecules.
Molarity
Number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
Emulsion
Colloidal suspension of a liquid in a liquid.
Hydrophilic Colloids
Colloidal particles that repel water molecules.
Salicylaldehyde
An oily, slightly water-soluble liquid, C7H6O2, having an almondlike odor: used chiefly in perfumery and in the synthesis of coumarin.
Temperature
A measure of the intensity of heat, i.e. the hotness or coldness of a sample. or object.
Weak Electrolyte
A substance that conducts electricity poorly in a dilute aqueous solution.
