A reaction in which an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
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The most expensive metal in the world
Do you think the most expensive metal is gold? No! On earth there are more valuable metals. But we need to divide the value of metals that occur in nature, and metals - isotopes, which are obtained in special laboratories. Let’s look at natural metals first.
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Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
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Interesting facts about metals
Metals have been used by people since ancient times. All the time the process of obtaining them was improved, useful alloys of various metals appeared. Let’s look at interesting facts about metals.
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Use of diamonds
Diamond is a crystalline modification of pure carbon formed in the deep interior of the Earth, in the upper mantle at depths of more than 80-100 kilometers, at exceptionally high pressure and temperature. It is the most precious stone, the hardest and most wear-resistant mineral, the most...
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Chemical Safety
People use chemicals every day for a wide array of purposes, which can include work and house hold duties. Many of us fail to realize that we are actually handling potentially deadly chemicals when we simply clean the bathroom or wash the car. This brings to mind the reason why chemical safety is...
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Shielding Effect
Electrons in filled sets of s , p orbitals between the nucleus and outer shell electrons shield the outer shell electrons somewhat from the effect of protons in the nucleus, also called screening effect.
Limiting Reactant
Substance that stoichiometrically limits the amount of product(s) that can be formed.
Radioactivity
The spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.
Amorphous Solid
A noncrystalline solid with no well-defined ordered structure.
Boiling Point Elevation
The increase in the boiling point of a solvent caused by the dissolution of a nonvolatile solute.
Electrodes
Surfaces upon which oxidation and reduction half-reactions, occur in electrochemical cells.
Acyl Group
Compound derived from a carbonic acid by replacing the --OH group with a halogen (X), usually --Cl, general formula is O R--C--X.
Formula Weight
The mass of one formula unit of a substance in atomic mass units.
Free Energy Change
The indicator of spontaneity of a process at constnt T and P. If delta-G is negative, the process is spontaneous.
Linear Accelerator
A device used for accelerating charged particles along a straight line path.
