An organic compound containing a sugar or sugars.
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What's In Your Beverage? How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support
Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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The most expensive metal in the world
Do you think the most expensive metal is gold? No! On earth there are more valuable metals. But we need to divide the value of metals that occur in nature, and metals - isotopes, which are obtained in special laboratories. Let’s look at natural metals first.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Tyndall Effect
The scattering of light by colloidal particles.
Primary Standard
A substance of a known high degree of purity that undergoes one invariable reaction with the other reactant of interest.
Coordination Number
In describing crystals, the number of nearest neighbours of an atom or ion. The number of donor atoms coordinated to a metal.
Common Ion Effect
Suppression of ionization of a weak electrolyte by the presence in the same solution of a strong electrolyte containing one of the same ions as the weak electrolyte.
Transition State Theory
Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.
Nuclear Binding Energy
Energy equivalent of the mass deficiency, energy released in the formation of an atom from the subatomic particles.
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object. Mass is usually measured in grams or kilograms.
History of diamonds
Diamond has been known for about 5 thousand years. Historians suggest that it was first discovered in India in river placers. It has long been credited with magical properties, and the largest famous crystals and products from them are shrouded in a halo of mystical legends.
Nuclear Reaction
Involves a change in the composition of a nucleus and can evolve or absorb an extraordinarily large amount of energy.
Sublimation
The direct vaporization of a sold by heating without passing through the liquid state.
