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A vertical column in the periodic table, also called a family.

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Nuclear Reaction

Involves a change in the composition of a nucleus and can evolve or absorb an extraordinarily large amount of energy.

Geiger counter

A gas filled tube which discharges electriaclly when ionizing radiation passes through it.

Solution

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Transition State Theory

Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.

Spectator Ions

Ions in a solution that do not participate in a chemical reaction.

Hydrometer

A device used to measure the densities of liquids and solutions.

Pairing Energy

Energy required to pair two electrons in the same orbital.

Photoelectric Effect

Emission of an electron from the surface of a metal caused by impinging electromagnetic radiation of certain minimum energy, current increases with increasing intensity of radiation.

 

Homogeneous Catalyst

A catalyst that exists in the same phase (solid, liquid or gas) as the reactants. The process is called Homogeneous Catalysis.

Molecular Orbital

An orbit resulting from overlap and mixing of atomic orbitals on different atoms. An MO belongs to the molecule as a whole.