A vertical column in the periodic table, also called a family.
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Critical Point
The combination of critical temperature and critical pressure of a substance.
Molecular Geometry
The arrangement of atoms (not lone pairs of electrons) around a central atom of a molecule or polyatomic ion.
Cloud Chamber
A device for observing the paths of speeding particiles as vapor molecules condense on them to form foglike tracks.
Octane Number
A number that indicates how smoothly a gasoline burns.
Chemical Bonds
The attractive forces that hold atoms together in elements or compounds.
Evaporation Rate
The rate at which a particular substance will vapourize (evaporate) when compared to the rate of a known substance such as ethyl ether. This term is especially useful for health and fire-hazard considerations.
Standard Reaction
A reaction in which the numbers of moles of reactants shown in the balanced equation, all in their standard states, are completely converted to the numbers of moles of products shown in the balanced equation, also sall at their standard state.
Emulsifying Agent
A sustance that coats the particles of the dispersed phase and prevents coagulation of colloidal particles, an emulsifier.
Transition State Theory
Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.
Isotopes
Two or more forms of atoms of the same element with different masses, atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
