A highly reactive chemical species carrying no charge and having a single unpaired electron in an orbital.
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Saccharate
A compound formed by interaction of sucrose with a metallic oxide, usually lime, and useful in the purification of sugar.
Primary Voltaic Cells
Voltaic cells that cannot be recharged, no further chemical reaction is possible once the reactants are consumed.
pH
Negative logarithm of the concentration (mol/L) of the H3O+[H+] ion, scale is commonly used over a range 0 to 14.
Associated Ions
Short-lived species formed by the collision of dissolved ions of opposite charges.
Mixture
A sample of matter composed of two or more substances, each of which retains its identity and properties.
Avogadro's Law
At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules.
Reaction Stoichiometry
Description of the quantitative relationships among substances as they participate in chemical reactions.
Fuel Cells
Voltaic cells in which the reactants (usually gases) are supplied continuously.
A voltaic cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidizing agent directly into electriacl energy on a continuous basis.
Integrated Rate Equation
An equation giving the concentration of a reactant remaining after a specified time, has different mathematical form for different orders of reactants.
Element
A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means.
