The relative order of tendencies for elements and their simple ions to act as oxidizing or reducing agents, also called the activity series.
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Electrolyte
A substance whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity.
Standard Electrodes
Half-cells in which the oxidized and reduced forms of a species are present at unit activity, 1.0M solutions of dissolved ions, 1.0atm partial pressure of gases, and pure solids and liquids.
Hydride
A binary compound of hydrogen.
Mass Action Expression
For a reversible reaction, aA + bB cC + dD the product of the concentrations of the products (species on the right), each raised to the power that corresponds to its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, divided by the product of the concentrations of reactants (species on the left), each raised to the power that corresponds to its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. At equilibrium the mass action expression is equal to K, at other times it is Q.[C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b = Q, or at equilibrium K.
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Zone Refining
A method of purifying a bar of metal by passing it through an induction heater, this causes impurties to move along a melted portion. This method applies the fact when a metal crystallizes on cooling, impurities are automatically expelled as they do not form part of the crystal.
Transition State Theory
Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.
Photochemical Oxidants
Photochemically produced oxidizing agents capable of causing damage to plants and animals.
Condensation
Liquefaction of vapor.
Emulsifying Agent
A sustance that coats the particles of the dispersed phase and prevents coagulation of colloidal particles, an emulsifier.
